![]() ![]() ![]() Direct biological effects-Changes in species abundance and distribution caused directly by physical conditions near the edge.Abiotic effect-Changes in the environmental conditions that result from the proximity to a structurally dissimilar matrix.The three factors affecting edges can be summarized: For instance, fertilizer from an agricultural field could invade a bordering forest and contaminate the habitat. Detrimental edge effects are also seen in physical and chemical conditions of border species. Sometimes, the edge effects result in abiotic and biotic conditions which diminish natural variation and threaten the original ecosystem. In the case of wide and/or overgrown borders, some species can become restricted to one side of the border despite having the ability to inhabit the other. Increased primary production can increase numbers of herbivorous insects, followed by nesting birds and so on up the trophic levels. As more light reaches the plants, greater numbers and sizes can thrive. #ECOTONE EDGE EFFECT PATCH#The width of the patch also influences diversity: an edge patch must be more pronounced than just a stark border in order to develop gradients of edge effects.Īnimals traveling between communities can create travel lanes along borders, which in turn increases light reaching plants along the lanes and promotes primary production. Larger patches include more individuals and therefore have increased biodiversity. Some animals travel between habitats, while edge species are restricted to edges. Animals that colonize tend to be those that require two or more habitats, such as white-tailed and mule deer, elk, cottontail rabbits, blue jays, and robins. ![]() Plants that colonize tend to be shade-intolerant and tolerant of dry conditions, such as shrubs and vines. Biodiversity Įnvironmental conditions enable certain species of plants and animals to colonize habitat borders. Height can create borders between patches as well.
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